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Wine 101: Wine, Explained Well

Clear, jargon-free guides to natural wine, winemaking techniques, organic and biodynamic farming, and the science behind every bottle.

Drawing of the hill of Hermitage, its vine rows cut away to show the soil underneath
Explainer 19 min read
What Is Terroir? What the Science Says
Terroir is the way a place shapes a wine: its climate, soil, landscape and living things, and the knowledge the people there built up about farming it and making wine from it. This guide checks seven common beliefs about terroir against published research, from soil and old vines to microbes, climate change and wine law.
Illustration of an old gnarled vine carrying ripe grape bunches above a sunlit vineyard
Farming 31 min read
Phenolic Ripeness in Grapes
A deep examination of how phenolic maturity shapes wine quality, from vineyard development to harvest decisions and cellar consequences. Introduction Every harvest decision comes down to…
Drawing of a terraced vineyard hill cut away to show layers of different soils
Explainer 9 min read
What Is the Impact of Soil on Wine?
Soil affects wine through the water, warmth and nutrients it gives the vine. The grapes do not take on the taste of the minerals in the soil. This guide covers nine soil types, from limestone and clay to slate and volcanic rock, and the wines grown on each.
Pencil color illustration of a ladybug - primalwine.com
Farming 5 min read
Organic Wine 101: What is Organic Wine? A Guide
Organic wine is made from grapes grown without synthetic pesticides, herbicides, or fertilizers, and vinified under certified rules that limit additives. It offers verifiable, chemical-free farming.
A biodynamic vineyard with animals - primalwine.com
Farming 7 min read
Biodynamic Wine 101: What is Biodynamic Wine? A Guide
Biodynamic wine comes from grapes farmed biodynamically, a holistic organic-plus method based on Rudolf Steiner’s ideas that treats the vineyard as one living ecosystem, using natural preparations and a lunar calendar.
Illustration of a basket of fruit and vegetables on a wooden table, harvested from organic farmland
Farming 40 min read
Organic Farming: The Complete Guide to Sustainable Agriculture and Viticulture
Organic farming represents one of the most significant shifts in modern agriculture, moving away from dependence on synthetic chemicals toward practices that work in harmony with…
Blog post on Terroir and why it's important in natural wine - primalwine.com
Farming 8 min read
Terroir – From Soil to Spirit
Terroir is the favorite word of winemakers, vignerons, sommeliers, and wine lovers. It's used in various contexts and sometimes with shifting meaning. But what does terroir…