Sangiovese Grosso, also known as Brunello, is a prestigious variant of the Sangiovese grape family. This grape variety is renowned for producing some of Italy's most esteemed and age-worthy red wines. It's primarily associated with the Tuscany region, where it reaches its zenith in the famous wines of Brunello di Montalcino.
Origin and History
Sangiovese Grosso is a natural mutation of the more common Sangiovese grape. Its name, "Grosso," refers to the larger size of its berries than standard Sangiovese. The variety gained prominence in the 19th century when it was isolated and cultivated in the Montalcino area of Tuscany. This led to the creation of Brunello di Montalcino, one of Italy's most revered wines.
Viticultural Characteristics
Sangiovese Grosso is known for its thick skins and large berries. It's a late-ripening variety requiring a long growing season to mature fully. The grape thrives in Tuscany's warm, sunny climate and well-draining soils. It's particularly well-suited to the hillside vineyards of Montalcino, where it benefits from optimal sun exposure and cooling breezes.
Wine Characteristics
Wines made from Sangiovese Grosso are known for their robust structure, high acidity, and firm tannins. They typically exhibit aromas and flavors of red cherries, strawberries, and plums, often accompanied by herbs, tobacco, and leather notes. These wines develop complex tertiary aromas of dried fruits, truffles, and earthy undertones with age. The high acidity and tannin structure of Sangiovese Grosso wines contribute to their exceptional aging potential.
Brunello di Montalcino
Brunello di Montalcino is the most famous expression of Sangiovese Grosso. This DOCG (Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita) wine must be made from 100% Sangiovese Grosso grapes grown in Montalcino. It requires at least four years of aging before release, with at least two years in oak barrels. The resulting wines are known for their power, elegance, and ability to age for decades.
Other Notable Wines
While Brunello di Montalcino is the most renowned wine made from Sangiovese Grosso, the grape is also used in other Tuscan wines. It plays a role in some Super Tuscan blends and is sometimes used in Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, although the latter primarily uses a different Sangiovese clone.
Winemaking Techniques
Winemakers often employ extended maceration periods when working with Sangiovese Grosso to extract maximum color and tannins. Oak aging is standard, with many producers using a combination of large traditional casks and smaller French oak barrels. The choice of oak and aging duration significantly influences the wine's final character.
Food Pairing
The robust nature of Sangiovese Grosso wines makes them excellent companions to rich, hearty dishes. They pair well with grilled or roasted red meats, game, and aged cheeses. The wine's high acidity also allows it to cut through fatty dishes, making it versatile with many Tuscan specialties.
Climate Change and Future Prospects
As with many grape varieties, climate change poses challenges and opportunities for Sangiovese Grosso. Warmer temperatures may lead to earlier ripening, potentially affecting the grape's characteristic acidity. However, the variety's adaptability and the expertise of Tuscan winemakers suggest a promising future for this noble grape.